![]() This mode is what Apple Watch uses when it measures your heart rate in the background, and for heart rate notifications. Apple Watch uses green LED lights to measure your heart rate during workouts and Breathe sessions, and to calculate walking average and Heart Rate Variability (HRV). The optical heart sensor can also use infrared light. In addition, the optical heart sensor is designed to compensate for low signal levels by increasing both LED brightness and sampling rate. The optical heart sensor supports a range of 30–210 beats per minute. ![]() By flashing its LED lights hundreds of times per second, Apple Watch can calculate the number of times the heart beats each minute - your heart rate. When your heart beats, the blood flow in your wrist - and the green light absorption - is greater. Apple Watch uses green LED lights paired with light‑sensitive photodiodes to detect the amount of blood flowing through your wrist at any given moment. This technology, while difficult to pronounce, is based on a very simple fact: Blood is red because it reflects red light and absorbs green light. In this case, however, research team was able to sign up a large number of volunteers in just over eight months.The optical heart sensor in Apple Watch uses what is known as photoplethysmography. And, once people do enroll, there are additional costs and time needed to accommodate their travel to the study site. Usually, clinical trials struggle to sign up large numbers of participants quickly the process is expensive and time-consuming. The study was conducted virtually, with volunteers talking to the researchers on the phone or through video chat. In the meantime, the study highlights a potential shift toward more efficient, and less costly ways to answer certain scientific questions. That raises concerns about privacy and how well informed people are about how and where their data might be used - questions that remain to be answered. While the data was stored at Stanford, and the Stanford researchers worked with Apple to analyze the information collected, Apple owns the data gathered from the heart app. ”These are people who may stand to benefit from knowing their condition,” he says, since they could then take preventive measures or get treatment to stability their abnormal heart rate. With further confirmation, the app could help identify AFib in people who are not even aware of their condition. But it showed that in a group of people with varying degrees of vulnerability to AFib, an algorithm used in a smartphone-based device could, relatively accurately, pick up the condition. Turakhia notes that the study doesn’t necessarily suggest that the Apple app could be used to definitively screen everyone for AFib - yet. Because AFib is episodic, and doesn’t occur continuously, this allowed the researchers to compare when the app detected abnormal heart rhythms and when the gold-standard ECG did. These people were then asked to contact the study team, which sent them ECG patches to wear on their chest for up to seven days while still using the app. Over a period of nearly four days, the watch notified 0.5% of this group of potential abnormal heart rhythms. In the NEJM study, the scientists reported results from nearly 420,000 people who already owned Apple Watches and volunteered to participate. That's an electrocardiogram (ECG), which. 13 in the New England Journal of Medicine, they report that the app’s alerts matched up with electrocardiography, or ECG readings (the gold standard for detecting atrial fibrillation) 84% of the time. Apple Watch Series 5 and 4: ECG monitor If you own the Apple Watch Series 5 and Series 4, then you'll have access to additional heart rate technology. Early results of the research project, known as the Apple Heart Study, were presented at the annual meeting of the American College of Cardiology last spring. Researchers at Stanford University have been working with Apple to study how accurately the tech giant’s app could detect AFib in a general population.
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